On Nietzsche’s Atheism

On Nietzsche’s Atheism
A Reaction Paper


Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche and Karl Marx, as atheists see religion as the central evil of every society (world in general). Thus, according to them religion should be eliminated to achieve a freer and better society, even utopian.
Many atheists have varying explanations on why is religion evil. But we will focus on Nietzsche here. Nietzsche believes that religion impedes man from surpassing oneself. Man cannot be a ubermensch, a superman (now called overman) with the presence of religion. Religion is the framework of his society and all units therein. Man is bound to follow the social customs and norms with religious underpinnings. All religion does is set limits to man’s world. In Nietzsche’s standpoint, man is trapped and held powerless by religion.
Such school of thought is possibly popular in this secular age. And if one is to examine it with an atheistic proclivity, Nietzsche is very appealing to believe and agree at. But in my case, it is not quite.
I am certain the Nietzsche would agree that religion is a powerful force. It is so powerful that he fears it to be the great barrier, the hindrance. Since, we agree on that matter, I want to raise a contention. I would like to ask him this: If religion as a powerful force that controls and limits man, is taken away somewhere, sometime, what will replace it?
In my point of view, religion puts the world and societies in order. It guides all the events to a certain harmony. Religion places things in their proper places. Consequently, without it, man with his tendencies will have full control. If so, did Nietzsche ever think that if man is given all the control, the world becomes chaotic? Look at Hitler who with his tendencies as a man to become domineering, superior and beastly even, took the lives of thousands of Jews. Man cannot and must not have the complete control of his life because having so is to self-destruct. If Man can be saintly and superman, he can as well be so super evil.
How about the rapists and murderers, they who have lost their sense of religion and fear of the Hell? The world turns into such a disorganized place, a place Nietzsche himself did not see. He would not surely live in a neighborhood of murderers and rapists and Hitlers, people who have become superman (Atheist context). These are the people who have surpassed themselves, a man who knows and follows no rules and laws. They are themselves the law and rules. They are supermen. Nietzsche would not live in such place.
In a personal level, if I have no sense of destiny and future because of the teachings of my religion, I want to shoot bullets into stupid people’s heads. Also, I love to rape all the hot guys I come across. But all these I suppress for my religion tells me so. These things should remain only in my imagination. My religion influences my actions. It determines and predetermines a society/world of justice and order. Religion is the very reason why all of us still exist.
Now, without it, who tells man what to and what not to do? Who will tell me? In the final analysis, Nietzsche proves to be an atheist–to-the-worst-kind. He wants to obliterate not only religion but Man as well. His atheism lies on his lack of sense of destiny and future, a character that the religious man has.
With all that he says, if Nietzsche is still alive I want to shoot him in the head three times. But my religion tells me not to. And I say lucky him, “religion” saves him.

Analysis on Manalang-Gloria's Soledad

Analysis and Insights on Manalang-Gloria’s SOLEDAD

Angela Manalang-Gloria’s sonnet entitled Soledad basically tells us how the Filipinos evaluate and see their own direct and personal experiences. Her Soledad shows us two aspects of the Philippine society---conservative and religious. The poem depicts how the society reacts on a trying and disturbing event. In the poem, the customs and norms are followed using a cognizant mind (even unconsciously) with the Catholic teachings and religion in the backdrop. Religion is the basis of their actions. More often than not, the Filipinos deep sense of religiosity is reflected in their decisions and ways of seeing the events that happen in their lives.

In the poem, the townspeople learn about a scandalous situation that involves a girl from their town. The girl is described to be a well bred person with this line “one so carved from pride and glassed in dream.” With this observation, the people in the town are surprised to find out that the girl engages in a pre-marital sex. As the poem says, “…she dared profane the bread and wine of life for one insane moment with him.” She seriously defies a norm that has some religious underpinnings. Contextually, “profane” and “bread and wine” are terms widely used to discuss religion and philosophies of God and Man.

Towards the end of the poem, the town condemns the girl. It is interesting to know why such people resort to condemning the girl rather than giving her clemency and sympathy instead. What happened to the so-called Christian compassion and mercy if they are religious? With the contention above, this analysis shall focus on the last two lines of Gloria’s romantic sonnet to answer the contention.

The town condemned this girl who loved too well
And found her heaven in the depths of hell.

These last two lines reveal the outlook of the poet about the townspeople outlook. The people of that town have a sense of destiny revealed in the last line, “And found her heaven in the depths of hell.” The poet believes through the people of that town or vice versa that defiance of the social customs and norms of such kind is unpardonable and thus, deserving hell. With this attitude towards the “scandal”, the townspeople express their unconscious fear of the Biblical Hell as the final point of destination present in the Catholic teachings and even in the famous literatures of Christian countries. Their condemnation of the girl is there way of teaching and reminding themselves of what is the consequence of their present action. They are concerned with their future.

Aside from condemning they are also grieving for the destination of the girl’s soul. The immorality the girl commits as said in the poem, “Her soul’s cathedral burned by his desires.” The girl’s morality has been destroyed by the man she sleeps with or on the time she sleeps with that man. Here, we are reminded of Dante Alighieri’s Francesca da Rimini whose lust sends her to the Second Circle of Dante’s Inferno.

The poem started with the word “sacrilege,” which means “gross irreverence toward a hallowed person, place, or thing.” With the poet’s usage of that influential word, the reader is directed to a certain understanding that suggests the magnitude of the central matter in the story---the scandal. Furthermore, the word gives us an image of worried people. Such is suggested by this part of the poem, “…the neighbors cried…” Such immense emotion expressed by the townspeople implies further the gravity of the situation. This worrying manifests their worrying for their destination and more for the girl’s destination.

The traits, conducts, attitude and traditions of every society are guided by something. In this case, fear of Hell is what guides the whole framework of this society. Moreover, these social and religious outlooks manifest Filipinos being religious persons. They look at the profane world to be hints in discovering the sacred and thus their God. They are religious as they choose to proceed on seeing the spiritual dimension of the profane cosmos they belong to.

A noted philosopher once said that the sacred is to be approached only with fitting seriousness. This explains the town’s condemning the girl. It is to show that the situation (scandal) is never a matter to be taken lightly as it involves the soul’s salvation and above all the Sacred.

With this, Soledad is successful in telling people that some mistakes, errors and sins deserve forgiveness, but, not all. Sin separates man from God. It detaches man from the social mainstream. Look at the rapist and murderers. Soledad as a poem and art tell you that sin and defiance from set customs have a consequence---loneliness or solitude (soledad in Spanish).

(This paper was submitted to Ms Arlene Yandug, M.A. for ENGLISH 47: Philippine Literature in English at Xavier University-Ateneo de Cagayan. Professor Yandug is a noted poet and is presently serving Kinaadman Journal.)